Kubernetes工具Kubectl

程序员卷不动了 2022-11-23 PM 719℃ 0条

Kubectl

kubectl是k8s集群的命令工具,通过kubectl能够对集群本身进行管理,并能够在集群进行容器化应用的安装部署

kubectl的命令语法

kubectl [command] [type] [name] [flags]

  • command:指定要对资源执行的操作,例如:create,get、describe和delete
  • type:指定资源类型,资源类型是大小写,例如node,pod
  • name:指定资源的名称,大小写敏感
  • flags:指定可选参数,例如 -s 或者 - server 参数指定kubenetes api serer的地址和端口

获取更多信息

kubectl  --help
字段说明
apiVersionAPI版本
kind资源类型
metadata资源元数据
spec资源规格
replicas副本数量
selector标签选择器
templatepod模板
metadatapod元数据
specpod规格
containers容器配置

编写yaml文件

  • 使用kubectl create 命令生成yaml文件,还未创建pod

  • 使用kubectl get命令导出yaml文件,已经存在的pod

Namespace

名称空间用来隔离资源,用来对集群的资源进行划分,默认只隔离资源,不隔离网络

kubectl create ns hello
kubectl delete ns hello
kubectl get ns  # 获取名称空间
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
    name: hello
Pod

运行中的一组容器,pod是k8s中应用的最小单位,允许一个pod中运行多个容器,k8s通过管理pod来操作pod内的所有容器

kubectl run mynginx --image=nginx

kubectl delete pod mynginx

kubectl describe pod mynginx  ## 查看描述信息
kubectl get pod  // 默认查看default 名称空间的pod

kubectl exec -it podName -- /bin/bash
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
    lables:
        run: mynginx
    name: mynginx  # pod的名字
spec:
    containers:
        - image: nginx
          name: mynginx  # 容器的名字,随便写
Deployment

控制pod,是pod拥有多个副本,自愈,扩容等能力

kubectl run mynginx --image=nginx

kubectl create deployment mytomcat --image=tomcat:8.5.68  --replicas=3  # 部署三份
kubectl get deploy // 查看部署列表
kubectl delete deploy mytomcat // 删除部署
kubectl scale  # 扩容,缩容
kubectl scale deploy/mytomcat --replicas=5  # 启动五个副本
kubectl edit deploy tomcat //编辑,将replicas 的值修改

故障转移

如果运行的pod意外停止,k8s会重新启动,如果启动失败,会在其他的节点上,再起一个pod

滚动更新
kubectl set deploy/mytomcat image nginx=nginx:1.16.1 --record=true // 设置mytomcat部署下的nginx的image=nginx:1.16.1

kubectl  rollout history deployment/mytomcat  // 查看部署历史记录

kubectl rollout undo deploy/mytomcat  --to-reversion=1  // 回退到第一次版本的记录
Service

service:pod的服务发现与负载均衡,在pod内部,可以直接通过

kubectl get service // 查看service 列表
kubectl expose deploy mytomcat --port=8000 --target-port=80  // 暴露部署mytomcat的80端口到8000端口

kubectl get pod --show-labels  // 查看pod的标签

kubectl delete service  mytomcat  // 删除服务
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
    labels:
        app: mytomcat
    name: mytomcatSvc
    
spec:
    selector:
        app: mytomcat
        
    ports:
        -port: 8000 # 服务暴露8000端口出去
         protocol: TCP
         targetPort:80 # 暴露的容器端口
Ingress

Ingress:service的统一网关入口

安装
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v0.47.0/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/deploy.yaml

// 修改镜像,将deploy.yaml中的image的值修改成
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/ingress-nginx-controller:v0.46.0

// 安装
kubectl apply -f deploy.yaml

// 查看
kubectl get svc -A // 查看所有命名空间的服务
创建
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress  
metadata:
  name: ingress-host-bar
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
  - host: "hello.atguigu.com"
    http:
      paths:
      - pathType: Prefix
        path: "/"
        backend:
          serviceName: hello-server
          servicePort: 8000
  - host: "demo.atguigu.com"
    http:
      paths:
      - pathType: Prefix
        path: "/nginx"  # 把请求会转给下面的服务,下面的服务一定要能处理这个路径,不能处理就是404
        backend:
          serviceName: nginx-demo  ## java,比如使用路径重写,去掉前缀nginx
          servicePort: 8000
存储抽象

原生方式挂在

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-pv-demo
  name: nginx-pv-demo
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-pv-demo
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-pv-demo
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: html
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
        - name: html
          nfs:
            server: 192.168.0.9 
            path: /nfs/data/nginx-pv
1、PV & PVC

PV:持久卷,将应用需要持久化的数据保存到指定位置

PVC:持久卷申明,申明需要使用的持久卷规格

2、创建PV
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv01-10m
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 10M
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: nfs
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/01
    server: 192.168.0.9
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv02-1gi
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 1Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: nfs
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/02
    server: 192.168.0.9
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv03-3gi
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 3Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: nfs
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/03
    server: 192.168.0.9
[root@master data]# kubectl apply -f pv.yaml 
persistentvolume/pv01-10m created
persistentvolume/pv02-1gi created
persistentvolume/pv03-3gi created
[root@master data]# kubectl get persistentvolume
NAME       CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS      CLAIM   STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
pv01-10m   10M        RWX            Retain           Available(可用)    nfs                     14s
pv02-1gi   1Gi        RWX            Retain           Available           nfs                     14s
pv03-3gi   3Gi        RWX            Retain           Available           nfs                     14s
3、创建PVC与绑定

创建PVC,申请200M的

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 200Mi
  storageClassName: nfs

查看

[root@master data]# kubectl get pv
NAME       CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS      CLAIM               STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
pv01-10m   10M        RWX            Retain           Available                       nfs                     3m45s
pv02-1gi   1Gi        RWX            Retain           Bound       default/nginx-pvc   nfs                     3m45s
pv03-3gi   3Gi        RWX            Retain           Available                       nfs                     3m45s
# 可以看到pv02,被绑定到了
[root@master data]# kubectl get pvc  ## 查看pvc
NAME        STATUS   VOLUME     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
nginx-pvc   Bound    pv02-1gi   1Gi        RWX            nfs            66m
4、PVC绑定Pod
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-deploy-pvc
  name: nginx-deploy-pvc
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-deploy-pvc
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-deploy-pvc
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: html
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
        - name: html
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: nginx-pvc
5、ConfigMap

1、创建配置

kubectl create cm redis-conf --from-file=redis.conf  ## 创建配置,redis.conf的配置保存到redis

2、查看配置

[root@master data]# kubectl create cm redis-conf --from-file=redis.conf 
configmap/redis-conf created
[root@master data]# kubectl get cm  ## 查看配置
NAME         DATA   AGE
redis-conf   1      10s
[root@master data]# mv redis.conf re
recommend.yaml  redis.conf      
[root@master data]# mv redis.conf redis.bak
[root@master data]# kubectl get cm redis-conf -oyaml  ### 将配置文件输出成yaml格式
apiVersion: v1
data:
  redis.conf: |
    appendonly yes
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2022-07-28T22:02:12Z"
  name: redis-conf
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "129432"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/redis-conf
  uid: c6226340-24f8-4a17-b3dc-c26cdcab2192
6 、ConfigMap与Pod绑定
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: redis
spec:
  containers:
  - name: redis
    image: redis
    command:
      - redis-server
      - "/redis-master/redis.conf"  #指的是redis容器内部的位置
    ports:
    - containerPort: 6379
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /data
      name: data
    - mountPath: /redis-master
      name: config
  volumes:
    - name: data
      emptyDir: {}
    - name: config
      configMap:
        name: redis-conf
        items:
        - key: redis.conf
          path: redis.conf
标签: k8s

非特殊说明,本博所有文章均为博主原创。

评论啦~